SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Cognitive skill</title>

</head>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cognitive skill</span></span>

</h1>

</header>

<p><b>Cognitive skills</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are skills of the <a href="Mind" title="Mind">mind</a>, as opposed to other types of skills such as <a href="Motor_skills" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor skills">motor skills</a>, <a href="Social_skills" title="Social skills">social skills</a> or <a href="Life_skills" title="Life skills">life skills</a>. Some examples of cognitive skills are <a href="Literacy" title="Literacy">literacy</a>, <a href="Self-reflection" title="Self-reflection">self-reflection</a>, <a href="Logical_reasoning" title="Logical reasoning">logical reasoning</a>, <a href="Abstract_thinking" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract thinking">abstract thinking</a>, <a href="Critical_thinking" title="Critical thinking">critical thinking</a>, <a href="Introspection" title="Introspection">introspection</a> and <a href="Mental_arithmetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental arithmetic">mental arithmetic</a>. Cognitive skills vary in processing complexity, and can range from more fundamental processes such as <a href="Perception" title="Perception">perception</a> and various <a href="Memory" title="Memory">memory</a> functions, to more sophisticated processes such as <a href="Decision_making" class="mw-redirect" title="Decision making">decision making</a>, <a href="Problem_solving" title="Problem solving">problem solving</a> and <a href="Metacognition" title="Metacognition">metacognition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kiely_2014_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kiely_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specialisation_of_functions">Specialisation of functions</h2></div>

<p><a href="Cognitive_science" title="Cognitive science">Cognitive science</a> has provided <a href="Theory" title="Theory">theories</a> of how the <a href="Brain" title="Brain">brain</a> works, and these have been of great interest to researchers who work in the <a href="Empirical_research" title="Empirical research">empirical</a> fields of <a href="Brain_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain science">brain science</a>. A fundamental question is whether cognitive functions, for example <a href="Visual_processing" title="Visual processing">visual processing</a> and <a href="Language" title="Language">language</a>, are autonomous modules, or to what extent the functions depend on each other. Research evidence points towards a middle position, and it is now generally accepted that there is <i>a degree</i> of modularity in aspects of brain organisation. In other words, cognitive skills or functions are specialised, but they also overlap or interact with each other. <a href="Deductive_reasoning" title="Deductive reasoning">Deductive reasoning</a>, on the other hand, has been shown to be related to either visual or linguistic processing, depending on the task; although there are also aspects that differ from them. All in all, research evidence does not provide strong support for classical models of <a href="Cognitive_psychology" title="Cognitive psychology">cognitive psychology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Goel_2007_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goel_2007-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schwarz-Friesel_2012_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwarz-Friesel_2012-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cognitive_functioning">Cognitive functioning</h2></div>

<p>Cognitive functioning refers to a person's <a href="Ability" title="Ability">ability</a> to process thoughts. It is defined as "the ability of an individual to perform the various mental activities most closely associated with learning and problem-solving. Examples include the verbal, spatial, psychomotor, and processing-speed ability."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Cognition" title="Cognition">Cognition</a> mainly refers to things like <a href="Memory" title="Memory">memory</a>, <a href="Speech" title="Speech">speech</a>, and the ability to learn new information. The <a href="Brain" title="Brain">brain</a> is usually capable of learning new skills in the aforementioned areas, typically in early childhood, and of developing personal thoughts and beliefs about the world. Old age and disease may affect cognitive functioning, causing <a href="Memory_loss" class="mw-redirect" title="Memory loss">memory loss</a> and trouble thinking of the right words while speaking or writing ("drawing a blank"). <a href="Multiple_sclerosis" title="Multiple sclerosis">Multiple sclerosis</a> (MS), for example, can eventually cause memory loss, an inability to grasp new concepts or information, and depleted verbal fluency.

</p><p>Humans generally have a high capacity for cognitive functioning once born, so almost every person is capable of learning or remembering. <a href="Intelligence" title="Intelligence">Intelligence</a> is tested with <a href="IQ_test" class="mw-redirect" title="IQ test">IQ tests</a> and others, although these have issues with accuracy and completeness. In such tests, patients may be asked a series of questions, or to perform tasks, with each measuring a cognitive skill, such as level of consciousness, memory, awareness, problem-solving, motor skills, analytical abilities, or other similar concepts. <a href="Early_childhood" title="Early childhood">Early childhood</a> is when the brain is most malleable to orientate to tasks that are relevant in the person's <a href="Social_environment" title="Social environment"> environment</a>.

</p><p>Exercise, even at light intensity, significantly improves general cognition across all populations, with the largest cognitive gains seen from shorter interventions (1–3 months), light to moderate intensity activity.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Adaptive_behavior" title="Adaptive behavior">Adaptive behavior</a></li>

<li><a href="Adaptive_functioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Adaptive functioning">Adaptive functioning</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligence_quotient" title="Intelligence quotient">Intelligence Quotient (IQ)</a></li>

<li><a href="Cognition" title="Cognition">Cognition</a></li>

<li><a href="Cognitive_Abilities_Test" title="Cognitive Abilities Test">Cognitive Abilities Test</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha">

<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also called <b>cognitive functions</b>, <b>cognitive abilities</b>, or <b>cognitive capacities</b>.</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite id="CITEREFKiely2014" class="citation book cs1">Kiely, Kim (2014). "Cognitive function". In Michalos, Kim M. (ed.). <i>Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research</i>. Springer. pp. <span class="nowrap">974–</span>978. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-94-007-0753-5_426">10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_426</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-94-007-0752-8</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Goel_2007-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Goel_2007_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGoel2007" class="citation journal cs1">Goel, Vinod (2007). "Anatomy of deductive reasoning". <i>Trends in Cognitive Sciences</i>. <b>11</b> (10): <span class="nowrap">435–</span>441. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tics.2007.09.003">10.1016/j.tics.2007.09.003</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17913567">17913567</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6927091">6927091</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Schwarz-Friesel_2012-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schwarz-Friesel_2012_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSchwarz-Friesel2012" class="citation journal cs1">Schwarz-Friesel, Monika (2012). "On the status of external evidence in the theories of cognitive linguistics". <i>Language Sciences</i>. <b>34</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">656–</span>664. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.langsci.2012.04.007">10.1016/j.langsci.2012.04.007</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">National Council on Measurement in Education <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ncme.org/ncme/NCME/Resource_Center/Glossary/NCME/Resource_Center/Glossary1.aspx?hkey=4bb87415-44dc-4088-9ed9-e8515326a061#anchorC">http://www.ncme.org/ncme/NCME/Resource_Center/Glossary/NCME/Resource_Center/Glossary1.aspx?hkey=4bb87415-44dc-4088-9ed9-e8515326a061#anchorC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170722194028/http://www.ncme.org/ncme/NCME/Resource_Center/Glossary/NCME/Resource_Center/Glossary1.aspx?hkey=4bb87415-44dc-4088-9ed9-e8515326a061#anchorC">Archived</a> 2017-07-22 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSinghBennettMiatkeDumuid2025" class="citation journal cs1">Singh, Ben; Bennett, Hunter; Miatke, Aaron; Dumuid, Dorothea; Curtis, Rachel; Ferguson, Ty; Brinsley, Jacinta; Szeto, Kimberley; Petersen, Jasmine M.; Gough, Claire; Eglitis, Emily; Simpson, Catherine EM; Ekegren, Christina L.; Smith, Ashleigh E.; Erickson, Kirk I. (2025-03-06). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2025/03/06/bjsports-2024-108589">"Effectiveness of exercise for improving cognition, memory and executive function: a systematic umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis"</a></span>. <i>British Journal of Sports Medicine</i>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbjsports-2024-108589">10.1136/bjsports-2024-108589</a></span>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0306-3674">0306-3674</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12229068">12229068</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40049759">40049759</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171104081833/http://ffdev3.advsolhosting.net/ncme/NCME/Resource_Center/Glossary/NCME/Resource_Center/Glossary1.aspx?hkey=4bb87415-44dc-4088-9ed9-e8515326a061#anchorC">[1]</a> NCME - Glossary of Important Assessment and Measurement Terms [cognitive ability]</li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-26" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Cognitive_skill&oldid=1302602613">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>